Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 7 Articles
Canine herpesvirus (CHV-1) causes disease associated with high mortality in infected\npuppies, which represents large financial losses for dog breeders. Since CHV-1\nat the time of the study he had not been reported in Mexico, the main objective of\nthis study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against CHV-1 in canine\nkennels in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent\nassay (ELISA) was used, and the results were compared to those of a\nviral neutralization test. The ELISA kit uses the complete viral particle as the antigen.\nThe plaque reduction neutralization test was combined with the immunoperoxidase\ntechnique because of the low cytopathic effect of CHV-1. Neutralizing antibodies\nwere also detected in 20 randomly selected samples. The prevalence of CHV-1 with\nELISA was 87%. The concordance between ELISA and serum neutralization (SN)\nwas 0.1129, the sensitivity of the ELISA against SN was 1.0 (100%), the positive predictive\nvalue was 0.39 (39%), and the negative predictive value was 1 (100%). These\nresults show that ELISA is useful for monitoring the dog population for CHV-1; a\npositive test result requires confirmation with an SN test, and a negative ELISA result\nindicates a high probability of being SN-negative. The only variables that were statistically\nassociated with CHV-1 prevalence were breed and kennel. A statistically significant\nrelationship between the degree of ELISA and SN titer was obtained, with a\nconfidence level of 95%. None of the clinical presentation factors was statistically\nsignificant. These results suggest that most of the canine population studied in Mexico\nis in a herpesvirus latency state....
The present study was undertaken to study the effects of diabetes mellitus in Albino Wistar rats and it’s amelioration with zinc oxide nanoparticles coated Momordica charantia. Diabetes was induced in albino Wistar rats by using streptozotocin. Experiment was conducted for 90 days and diabetic effects were monitored. Corneal opacity was observed in diabetic rats and corneal opacity was not observed in zinc oxide nanoparticles coated Momordica charantia which indicated its ameliorative effect....
The study was conducted from October 2014 to June 2015 to estimate tick prevalence and identify major tick genera infesting\ncattle and the associated risk factors in Arbegona district, southern Ethiopia. A total of 2024 adult ticks were collected from main\nbody parts of animals and eight species of ticks which belong to three genera were identified. Questionnaire survey was employed\nconcerning the general case on the tick infestation problems on the cattle. From 384 cattle examined, 291 (75.7%) were found to\nbe infested with one or more types of tick species. The relative prevalence of each genera was Amblyomma (34.9%), Rhipicephalus\n(Boophilus) (26.6%), Hyalomma (19.2%), and Rhipicephalus (19%). The prevalence of tick infestation in good (65.5%), medium\n(74%), and poor body condition animal (100%) was found to be statistically significant (...
Background: The aims of the current study were to evaluate the inflammatory response in cow uterus and to explore\nthe molecular mechanism triggered by high concentrate-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in mid-lactating dairy\ncows. Twelve mid-lactating Holstein cows with an average weight of 455 kg were allocated into two groups subjected to\ntwo diets for 18-weeks either a low-concentrate (LC) group containing 4:6 (NDF: NFC) and a high-concentrate (HC) group\ncontaining 6:4 (non-forage carbohydrates, NFC): (neutral detergent fiber, NDF) ratio based on dry matter.\nResults: The HC group showed lower ruminal pH and higher lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in both the rumen\nand peripheral plasma compared to the LC group. The LPS concentrations in the rumen fluid and the peripheral plasma\nwere found significantly increased in the HC group compared to the LC group. The concentrations of IL-1�²,\nTNF-�± and IL-6 were significantly higher in the HC group compared to the LC group. The uterus of SARA cows\nrevealed elevated mRNA concentrations of nuclear transcription factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which\nconfirmed the presence of inflammation. The occurrence of uterine inflammation was further validated by the\nincreased protein expression of NF-�ºB-p65 and its active phosphorylated variant in the uterus of SARA cows.\nSimilarly, the inflammatory genes TLR4, LBP, MyD88, TRAF-6, NF-�ºB, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-�± and IL-1�² were significantly\nupregulated in the uterus of the HC versus the LC group.\nConclusion: Therefore, the results indicated that LPS derived from the rumen triggered the genes associated\nwith inflammation in the uterus of mid-lactating dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet, causing endometritis...
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a ubiquitous pathogen in the swine industry worldwide. Previous studies have\nshown that PCV2 infection induces host cell apoptosis through up-regulation of p53. To further identify the regulatory\nroles of p53 signaling in the process of PCV2 infection, we established p53 gene knockout PK15 cell lines using\nthe genomic editor tool CRISPR/Cas9, and further investigated the roles of p53 in modulating the cell cycle and viral\nreplication in this study. The results show that PCV2 infection induced obvious S phase accumulation in wild-type\nPK15 cells and a compromised S phase accumulation in the p53 gene mutation cells (813PK15p53m/m), but did not\ninduce obvious S phase accumulation in the p53 gene knockout cells (148PK15p53âË?â??/âË?â??) compared with the respective\nmock infection. PCV2 infection activated p53 signaling, up-regulated the expression of p21, Cyclin E, and downregulated\nCyclin A, CDK2. In p53 deficient cells, however, PCV2-induced changes in Cyclin A, CDK2, and Cyclin E were\nefficiently reversed to the basal levels. Detection of PCV2 replication showed decreased viral ORF1 genomic DNA in\np53 deficient cells (148PK15p533âË?â??/âË?â??) and p53 mutated cells (813PK15p53m/m) compared with p53 wild-type cells after\ndifferent synchronization treatment. Furthermore, PCV2 viral genomic DNA and Cap protein levels were higher in the\ncells released from S phase synchronized cells than in the cells released from the G0/G1 phase or G2/M phase-synchronized,\nor asynchronous cells after 18 h post-infection. Taken together, this study demonstrates that PCV2 infection\ninduces S phase accumulation to favor viral replication in host cells through activation of the p53 pathway....
Background: Procalcitonin (PCT), a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive inflammatory marker\nin human medicine, which is primarily used for diagnosis of bacterial sepsis, but is also useful in diagnosis of\nexacerbation of asthma and COPD. In this study, PCT was evaluated as a potential biomarker for different chronic\npneumopathies in the horse using an equine specific ELISA in comparison to established clinical markers and\ndifferent interleukins.\nSixty-four horses were classified as free of respiratory disease, recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), inflammatory\nairway disease (IAD) or chronic interstitial pneumopathy (CIP) using a scoring system. PCT concentrations were\nmeasured in plasma (n = 17) and in the cell-free supernatant of bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 64). PCT concentrations\nwere correlated to interleukins IL-1�Ÿ and IL-6 in BALF, clinical findings and BALF cytology.\nResults: The median PCT concentrations in plasma were increased in respiratory disease (174.46 ng/ml, n = 7)\ncompared to controls (13.94 ng/ml, n = 10, P = 0.05) and correlated to PCT in BALF supernatant (rs = 0.48). Compared to\ncontrols (5.49 ng/ml, n = 15), median PCT concentrations in BALF supernatant correlated to the overall clinical score\n(rs = 0.32, P = 0.007) and were significantly increased in RAO (13.40 ng/ml, n = 21) and IAD (16.89 ng/ml, n = 16), while\nno differences were found for CIP (12.02 ng/ml, n = 12). No significant increases were found for IL-1 and IL-6 between\ncontrols and respiratory disease in general as well as different disease groups.\nConclusions: Although some correlations were found between PCT in plasma, BALF supernatant and clinical scores,\nPCT in BALF does not seem to be a superior marker compared to established clinical markers. PCT in plasma seems to\nbe more promising and a greater number of samples should be evaluated in further studies....
The study used 69 brains (n = 69) from adult dog cadavers, divided by their skull type into\nthree groups, brachi (B), dolicho (D) and mesaticephalic (M) (n = 23 each), and aimed: (1) to determine\nwhether the Bronson equation may be applied, without reservation, to estimate brain weight (BW)\nin brachy (B), dolicho (D), and mesaticephalic (M) dog breeds; and (2) to evaluate which breeds are\nmore closely related to each other in an evolutionary scenario. All subjects were identified by sex,\nage, breed, and body weight (bw). An oscillating saw was used for a circumferential craniotomy to\nopen the skulls; the brains were removed and weighed using a digital scale. For statistical analysis,\np-values < 0.05 were considered significant. The work demonstrated a strong relationship between\nthe observed and predicted BW by using the Bronson equation. It was possible to hypothesize that\ngroups B and D present a greater encephalization level than M breeds, that B and D dog breeds are\nmore closely related to each other than to M, and from the three groups, the D individuals presented\nthe highest brain mass mean....
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